Write and predict the results of code using standard input and output, with files, and test and debug such programs.

Write and predict the results of code with numeric and Boolean expressions, if-statements and loops, including nested control structures.

Design, write and predict the results of code using functions that have parameters (both call by reference and call by value) and return values.

Design and develop code to process arrays.

Create programs which use standard C++ language features, including functions, arrays, arrays of arrays, pointers, pointer arithmetic, dynamic memory allocation, and structured data (structs).

Design and implement an abstract data type using a class with member variables, member functions, constructors, and a destructor.

Design and implement modular programs, created in appropriate .h and .cpp files, that use multiple classes with inheritance relationships, friend functions, friend classes, and operator overloading, using modern C++ language features.

Predict the results of data structures, including lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, heaps, and hash tables.

Priority queues, with associated algorithms such as insertion, deletion, retrieval, search, and traversal.

Evaluate data structures and algorithms for given problems, including sorting and searching, considering appropriateness and efficiency.

Design and implement algorithms and data structures, including array-based and linked list implementations.

Design and implement recursive solutions.